【資料名稱】：EXPLAIN EXTENDED PLANNER'S INTRODUCTION

【資料作者】：NOKIA

【資料日期】：1998

【資料語言】：中文

【資料格式】：DOC

【資料目錄和簡介】：

1. INTRODUCTION TO MOBILECOMMUNICATIONS11
1.1. Mobile Communication Systems11
1.1.1. What is special about Mobile Communications?11
1.1.2. Mobility11
1.1.3. The Global Situation11
1.1.4. Mobile Communications12
1.1.4.1. Paging systems12
1.1.4.2. Cordless telephone12
1.1.4.3. Trunked Radio13
1.1.4.4. CB radio13
1.1.4.5. Cellular/PCN13
1.1.4.6. Satellite Phone14
1.1.5. Mobile Communications in Europe14
1.1.6. Cellular Systems14
1.1.7. ETSI14
1.1.8. Mass Markets15
1.1.9. Niche Markets15
1.1.10. Convergence of Technologies?15
1.1.11. Future Trends16
1.2. The Mobile Market Environment16
1.2.1. Cost Trends16
1.2.2. A boom Business”?16
1.2.3. Subscriber Predictions17
1.2.4. Market Segments17
1.3. Technologies17
1.3.1. Analog Technologies17
1.3.2. Digital Technologies17
1.3.3. Why digital?17
1.3.4. FDMA or TDMA?18
1.3.5. CDMA18
1.3.6. Channel Types18
1.4. GSM System Overview19
1.4.1. GSM Bandwidth20
1.4.2. GSM System Parameters20
1.4.3. GSM Elements20
1.4.4. Structure of the BSS21
1.4.4.1. Tasks of the BTS21
1.4.4.2. Block Structure of the BTS21
1.4.4.3. Tasks of the BSC22
1.4.5. OMC/ NMS22
1.4.6. The OSI Stack in GSM22
1.5. Logical Channels in GSM23
1.5.1. Logical Channels23
1.5.2. Downlink Channels23
1.5.3. Uplink Channels24
1.5.4. Use of Logical Channels24
1.5.5. Mapping of Logical Channels25
2. CELLULAR PLANNING PRINCIPLES27
2.1. Scope of Network Planning27
2.2. Cellular Planning Principle27
2.3. Key Dimensioning Quantities28
2.4. Coverage Planning28
2.5. Frequency Planning29
2.6. Cell Hierarchies29
2.7. Transmission Planning30
2.7.1. Microwave Links30
2.7.2. Leased Lines31
2.8. Traffic Planning31
3. THE MOBILE RADIO LINK34
3.1. Modulation34
3.1.1. Calculation in dB34
3.1.1.1. Conversions to dB34
3.1.2. Modulation Types34
3.1.3. Complex Signals35
3.1.4. Fourier Transformation35
3.1.5. The Radio Engineer's Dilemma36
3.1.6. GMSK spectrum36
3.2. Radio Wave Propagation37
3.2.1. Mobile Communications37
3.2.2. Propagation Mechanisms37
3.2.2.1. Reciprocity Theorem37
3.2.2.2. Time dispersion38
3.2.3. Fading38
3.2.3.1. Gaussian distribution39
3.2.3.2. Rayleigh distribution39
3.2.3.3. Rician distribution39
3.2.3.4. Phasor diagrams39
3.2.4. Signal Variations40
3.2.5. Propagation Mechanisms41
3.2.6. Free Space Loss41
3.2.7. Signal Propagation42
3.2.8. Radar Equation42
3.2.9. Propagation Loss42
3.2.10. Signal Attenuation43
3.2.11. Mixed Path Loss43
3.3. Propagation Models44
3.3.1. Hata's Model44
3.3.2. Walfish- Ikegami Model45
3.3.3. Ray Tracing45
3.3.4. Obstructed Path46
3.4. Antenna Systems47
3.4.1. Far Field Distance47
3.4.2. Coupling Losses47
3.4.3. Antenna Types48
3.4.4. Antenna Types Overview48
3.4.5. Antenna Characteristics48
3.4.6. Radiation Patterns49
3.4.7. Coupling between Antennas50
3.4.8. Installation Examples50
3.4.9. Antenna Cables51
3.4.10. Distributed Antennas52
3.4.11. Repeaters52
3.5. Diversity Techniques53
3.5.1. Diversity Reception53
3.5.2. Coverage Improvement by Diversity?54
3.6. Interference54
3.6.1. Carrier-to-Interference Concept54
3.6.2. Effects of Interference55
3.6.3. Signal Quality in GSM55
3.6.4. Sources of Interference55
3.6.5. Long Delayed Echos56
3.6.6. Co-channel interference56
3.6.7. Noise57
3.7. Interference Reduction57
3.7.1. Interference Reduction Methods57
3.7.2. Fixed Frequency Allocation59
3.7.3. Interference Planning59
3.7.4. Frequency Hopping60
3.7.5. Power Control61
3.7.6. DTX61
3.7.7. Dynamic Frequency Allocation62
3.7.8. Adaptive Antennas62
3.7.9. Achievable Gains63
3.8. Traffic Theory63
3.8.1. Trunking Principle63
3.8.2. Erlang B formula64
3.8.3. Erlang C formula65
3.8.4. Cell Capacity65
3.9. Link Budget Calculation66
3.9.1. Link Budget Calculation66
3.9.2. Link Budget66
3.9.2.1. Coverage Margins67
3.9.2.2. Rayleigh Fading67
3.9.2.3. Loss Factors68
3.9.2.4. Gain Factors68
3.9.2.5. Coupling Losses69
3.9.3. Link Plan69
4. NETWORK PLANNING PROCESS73
4.1. Cellular Planning Principles73
4.1.1. Cellular Planning Principle73
4.1.2. Scope of Network Planning73
4.1.3. Topographic Data74
4.1.4. Demographic Data75
4.1.5. Network Characteristics75
4.1.6. Network Configuration75
4.1.7. Network Topology76
4.1.8. Network Planning Competence76
4.2. Network Topologies77
4.2.1. Cellular Topologies77
4.2.2. Macro Cell Network77
4.2.3. Small Cell Network78
4.2.4. City Network78
4.2.5. Cellular Applications79
4.2.6. Cell Sizes79
4.2.7. Hexagons and Clusters80
4.2.8. Achievable Cell Sizes80
4.3. Dimensioning81
4.3.1. Key Dimensioning Quantities81
4.3.2. Traffic Estimations81
4.3.3. Traffic Planning82
4.3.4. Traffic Patterns82
4.4. Coverage Planning83
4.4.1. Coverage Planning Process83
4.4.2. Coverage Requirements83
4.4.3. Geographical Database84
4.4.4. Cell Area Terms84
4.5. Frequency Planning85
4.5.1. Frequency Allocation Plan85
4.5.2. GSM Bandwidth86
4.5.3. Frequency Re-use86
4.5.4. Multiple Re-use Rates87
4.5.5. Frequency Co-ordination87
4.6. Site Selection88
4.6.1. Site Locations88
4.6.1.1. Bad Site Location88
4.6.1.2. Good Site Location88
4.6.2. Site Selection Criteria89
4.6.3. Site Building Process90
4.6.4. Site Acquisition Process90
4.6.5. Site Information90
4.7. Signal Measurements91
4.7.1. Measurement Types91
4.7.2. Choice of Routes91
4.7.3. Model Tuning92
4.7.4. Interpretation of Results92
4.7.5. Measurement Equipment93
4.8. Transmission Planning93
4.8.1. Transmission Concept94
4.8.2. Trunking Effect94
4.8.3. Leased Lines95
4.8.4. Cost Examples95
4.8.5. Microwave Links95
4.8.6. Fresnel Zone96
4.8.7. Radio Link Availability97
4.8.8. Communication Types97
4.8.9. Cross-connects97
4.8.10. PCM lines98
4.8.11. Multiplexing98
4.8.12. Analog- Digital Conversion98
4.8.13. PDH and SDH99
5. ADVANCED NETWORK PLANNING101
5.1. Network Evolution101
5.1.1. Cell Size Evolution101
5.1.2. Layered Network101
5.1.3. Network Capacity Issues102
5.1.4. Capacity Evolution102
5.1.5. Urban Areas103
5.2. Indoor Coverage104
5.2.1. Building Losses105
5.2.2. Building Penetration Loss105
5.2.3. Incident Angle105
5.2.4. In-building Path Loss106
5.2.5. Indoor Coverage Solutions106
5.2.6. Summary of Indoor Solutions107
5.2.7. Radiating Cable107
5.2.8. Indoor Coverage Examples108
5.2.9. Optical Repeater108
5.2.10. Repeater109
5.2.11. The lightbulb Principle”110
5.2.12. The newspaper Principle”110
5.3. Tunnel Coverage110
5.3.1. Wave Propagation in Tunnels110
5.3.2. Tunnel Cross-sections111
5.4. IUO111
5.4.1. Principle of IUO111
5.5. Parameter Planning112
5.5.1. BSS Parameters112
5.5.2. Handover Types113
5.5.3. Handover Criteria113
5.5.4. Location Area Design114
5.5.5. Paging vs. Location Updating Traffic114
5.5.6. Capacity of Paging Channel115
5.6. Network Optimisation116
5.6.1. Network Optimising116
5.6.2. Network Performance Feedback116
5.6.3. Sources of Feedback117
5.6.4. Performance Objectives117
5.6.5. Network Evolution118
5.6.6. The “Horse-shoe” Concept118
5.6.7. Quality Metrics118
5.6.8. Network Optimisation Process119
6. PLANNING TOOLS121
6.1. Prediction Tools121
6.2. Geographical Databases122
6.3. Additional Information Sources122
6.4. Geographical Information Systems123
6.5. Nokia Tools123
6.5.1. Cellular Planning Tools123
6.5.1.1. NPS/X123
6.5.1.2. NPS/I124
6.5.1.3. NMS/X124
6.5.2. Transmission Planning Tools125
6.5.2.1. NPS/10126
6.5.2.2. NPS/ X126
6.5.2.3. DrLink127
6.5.2.4. Profile127