交換機(jī)基礎(chǔ)

第1 章章形形色色的交換機(jī)....................................................................................................4
1..1 概述...........4
1..2 按規(guī)模應(yīng)用分...........................................................................................................................4
1..3 按架構(gòu)特點(diǎn)分...........................................................................................................................5
1..4 按傳輸介質(zhì)和傳輸速度分.......................................................................................................6
1..5 按層次結(jié)構(gòu)分...........................................................................................................................6
1..6 新一代交換機(jī)前景展望...........................................................................................................6
1..6..1 多層交換............................................................................................................................7
1..6..2 光交換7
1.6.3 MPLS 交換機(jī).....................................................................................................................8
1..6..4 以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)....................................................................................................................9
第2 章章交換機(jī)工作原理........................................................................................................9
2.1 概述........9
2.2 三種交換技術(shù)....................................................................................................................10
2.2.1 端口交換.....................................................................................................................10
2.2.2 幀交換..........................................................................................................................10
2.2.3 信元交換.....................................................................................................................10
2.3 局域網(wǎng)交換機(jī)的種類和選擇.........................................................................................11
2.3.1 按網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)分............................................................................................................11
2.3.2 按應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域分............................................................................................................11
2.3.3 交換機(jī)的選擇............................................................................................................11
2.4 交換機(jī)應(yīng)用中幾個(gè)值得注意的問(wèn)題...........................................................................12
2.4.1 交換機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的瓶頸問(wèn)題.....................................................................................12
2.4.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的廣播幀.......................................................................................................12
2.4.3 虛擬網(wǎng)的劃分............................................................................................................12
2.4.3.1 靜態(tài)端口分配...................................................................................................12
2.4.3.2 動(dòng)態(tài)虛擬網(wǎng)........................................................................................................12
2.4.3.3 多虛擬網(wǎng)端口配置..........................................................................................13
2.4.3.4 高速局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用.................................................................................13
第3 章章交換式以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)..................................................................................................13
求索知識(shí)分享社區(qū)交換機(jī)基礎(chǔ)
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3.1 交換式技術(shù)發(fā)展過(guò)程......................................................................................................13
3.1.1 引言..............................................................................................................................13
3.1.2 從網(wǎng)橋、多端口網(wǎng)橋到交換機(jī)............................................................................14
3.2 交換式以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn).............................................................................................14
3.3 第二層和第三層交換及其與路由器方案的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)....................................................15
3.4 虛擬局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)...............................................................................................................15
第4 章章以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)技術(shù)..................................................................................................15
4.1 交換機(jī)原理........................................................................................................................15
4.2 交換機(jī)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)...........................................................................................................16
4.2.1 共享內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu)............................................................................................................16
4.2.2 交叉總線結(jié)構(gòu)............................................................................................................16
4.2.3 混合交叉總線結(jié)構(gòu)...................................................................................................16
4.2.4 環(huán)形總線結(jié)構(gòu)............................................................................................................17
4.3 交換機(jī)的交換方式...........................................................................................................17
4.3.1 直通式（CUT THROUGH）............................................................................................17
4.3.2 存儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)（STORE ＆ FORWARD） .............................................................................17
4.3.3 碎片隔離（FRAGMENT FREE）....................................................................................18
4.3.4 直通式和存儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的比較.....................................................................................18
4.4 更上層樓的交換機(jī)...........................................................................................................18
第5 章章以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)常用的功能及協(xié)議......................................................................19
5.1 概要......19
5.2 以太網(wǎng)交換機(jī)常用功能及協(xié)議....................................................................................20
5.2.1 VLAN ..............................................................................................................................20
5.2.2 組播技術(shù).....................................................................................................................21
5.2.2.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層組播協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn).....................................................................................22
5.2.2.2 組播路由協(xié)議...................................................................................................22
5.2.2.3 第二層組播協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn).....................................................................................22
5.2.3 容錯(cuò)技術(shù).....................................................................................................................23
5.2.3.1 鏈路冗余技術(shù)...................................................................................................23
5.2.3.2 生成樹(shù)（STP）技術(shù)........................................................................................23
5.2.3.3 主干（Trunking）技術(shù).................................................................................24
5.2.4 QOS 保證.......................................................................................................................24
5.2.5 配置和管理及其安全性..........................................................................................25
5.2.6 網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)測(cè)和管理.......................................................................................................25
5.2.6.1 SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol)...................................25
5.2.6.2 MON(Remote Monitoring)............................................................................25
求索知識(shí)分享社區(qū)交換機(jī)基礎(chǔ)
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第6 章章網(wǎng)絡(luò)交換技術(shù)淺析..................................................................................................26
6.1 前言......26
6.2 集線器..26
6.3 路由器..27
6.4 交換機(jī)..27
6.5 二層交換機(jī)介紹...............................................................................................................28
6.6 第三層交換技術(shù)...............................................................................................................29
6.6.1 概述..............................................................................................................................29
6.6.2 三層交換的概念.......................................................................................................29
6.6.3 三層交換原理............................................................................................................30
6.6.4 三層交換機(jī)種類.......................................................................................................31
6.6.4.1 純硬件的三層技術(shù)..........................................................................................31
6.6.4.2 純軟件的三層技術(shù)..........................................................................................32
6.6.5 市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)品選型............................................................................................................32
第7 章章什么是第四層交換？ .............................................................................................33
7.1 第二/三層交換..................................................................................................................33
7.2 進(jìn)入第四層交換...............................................................................................................34
7.3 結(jié)論......35
第8 章章快速IP 交換技術(shù)....................................................................................................35
8.1 概要......35
8.2 FAST IP 的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ).......................................................................................................36
8.2.1 非廣播多路訪問(wèn)（NBMA，NON-BROADCAST MULTIPLE ACCESS）網(wǎng)絡(luò)的NHRP 協(xié)
議................36
8.2.1.1 NHRP 的基本概念.............................................................................................36
8.2.1.2 NHRP 協(xié)議的進(jìn)程.............................................................................................37
8.2.1.3 NHRP 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)......................................................................................................38
8.2.2 IEEE 802.1P/Q...........................................................................................................39
8.3 FAST IP 的操作................................................................................................................39
8.4 FAST IP 代理（PROXY） ................................................................................................40
8.5 FAST IP 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)................................................................................................................41
8.6 小節(jié)......41
第9 章章交換機(jī)常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題解答：.........................................................................................41
求索知識(shí)分享社區(qū)交換機(jī)基礎(chǔ)
9.1 交換機(jī)與集線器有何區(qū)別？.........................................................................................41
9.2 如何理解PORT TRUNKING 和PORT MIRROR？ .........................................................42
9.3 什么是VLAN？...................................................................................................................42
9.4 什么是基于端口的VLAN ?............................................................................................42
9.5 SPANNING TREE 有何作用？..........................................................................................43