1、原理
PRACH前導(dǎo)序列是由長度為839的ZC(Zadoff-Chu)序列組成,每個前導(dǎo)序列對應(yīng)一個根序列μ。協(xié)議36.211中規(guī)定在一個小區(qū)中有64個前導(dǎo)序列。
一個根序列μ通過多次的循環(huán)移位產(chǎn)生多個前導(dǎo)序列。如果一個根序列不能產(chǎn)生64個前導(dǎo)序列,那么利用接下來的連續(xù)的根序列繼續(xù)產(chǎn)生前導(dǎo)序列,直到所有64個前導(dǎo)序列全部產(chǎn)生。
根據(jù)隨機接入循環(huán)偏移Ncs,可以得到生成64個前導(dǎo)序列所需的根序列μ個數(shù)。
因此為了減少信令開銷,每個小區(qū)都選擇連續(xù)的根序列μ。當(dāng)知道第一個根序列μ,就可以知道其余的根序列μ。那么在一個小區(qū)中只需要廣播第一個根序列的編號Logical root sequence number即可。
2、設(shè)計
1)設(shè)計流程圖
2)具體步驟
PRACH設(shè)計按照如下步驟設(shè)計:
步驟1:確定高低速場景
根據(jù)小區(qū)覆蓋區(qū)域的特征,確定該小區(qū)覆蓋場景是高速或低速場景。該屬性值影響Ncs的選擇。
步驟2:確定Preamble Format
協(xié)議定義了5種Preamble Format,不同的格式適合不同的小區(qū)半徑。根據(jù)小區(qū)的覆蓋半徑,選擇合適的Preamble Format
這里列舉不同Preamble Format對應(yīng)的小區(qū)最大覆蓋半徑。
Preamble Format小區(qū)最大半徑 (km)
014
177
229
3107
41.4
注1:對應(yīng)協(xié)議36.211中的Table 5.7.1-1: Random access preamble parameters.
步驟3:確定Ncs Configuration
協(xié)議定義16種Ncs配置(針對Preamble格式0~3)或7種Ncs配置(針對Preamble格式4)。不同配置下的Ncs取值不同,從而生成64個Preamble序列所需的根序列μ的個數(shù)不同。同時高速和低速下的Ncs長度也不同。
注2:對應(yīng)協(xié)議36.211中的Table 5.7.2-2 Cyclic shifts for preamble generation (preamble formats 0-3)和表Table 5.7.2-3 Cyclic shifts for preamble generation (preamble formats 4)。
步驟4:確定根μ的個數(shù)
根據(jù)Preamble Format對應(yīng)的前導(dǎo)序列長度和Ncs Configuration,確定根μ的個數(shù)。
注3:對應(yīng)協(xié)議36.211中的Table 5.7.2-1: Random access preamble sequence length.
步驟:5:確定Logical root sequence number
根據(jù)協(xié)議36.211中的Table 5.7.2-4 Root Zadoff-Chu sequence order for preamble formats 0 – 3和Table 5.7.2-5 Root Zadoff-Chu sequence order for preamble formats 4,隨機選擇Logical root sequence number,但是要同時滿足以下兩項條件:
1)不能與鄰區(qū)配置的第一個Logical root sequence number相同;
2)與鄰區(qū)配置的第一個Logical root sequence number不同時,但要保證根據(jù)Ncs配置確定的所需根序列μ個數(shù)的情況下,剩余的Logical root sequence number不同;
3、Preamble設(shè)計實例
這里對三個小區(qū)(Cell A,Cell B,Cell C)的Preamble進(jìn)行設(shè)計,該三個小區(qū)互為鄰區(qū)。
1)該三個小區(qū)的覆蓋場景為低速場景;
2)Preamble format選擇format 0;
3)Ncs Configuration選擇8, Ncs長度等于46;
4)根序列數(shù)為4。
Preamble Format為0,Ncs Configuration為8,對應(yīng)根序列長度為839,則一個根序列可以生成18個前導(dǎo)序列,其中(向下取值),所以至少需要4個根μ才能產(chǎn)生64個前導(dǎo)序列。
5)Cell A選擇Logical root sequence number為766~769,Cell B選擇770~773,Cell C選擇774~777。
4、附錄
以下內(nèi)容選自協(xié)議36.211中的5.7 Physical random access channel
1)Random access preamble parameters.
協(xié)議定義了4種preamble格式,不同的格式適合不同的小區(qū)半徑。
Table 5.7.1-1: Random access preamble parameters.
Preamble format
0
1
2
3
4
(frame structure type 2 only)
2)Preamble sequence generation
The random access preambles are generated from Zadoff-Chu sequences with zero correlation zone, generated from one or several root Zadoff-Chu sequences. The network configures the set of preamble sequences the UE is allowed to use.
There are 64 preambles available in each cell. The set of 64 preamble sequences in a cell is found by including first, in the order of increasing cyclic shift, all the available cyclic shifts of a root Zadoff-Chu sequence with the logical index RACH_ROOT_SEQUENCE, where RACH_ROOT_SEQUENCE is broadcasted as part of the System Information. Additional preamble sequences, in case 64 preambles cannot be generated from a single root Zadoff-Chu sequence, are obtained from the root sequences with the consecutive logical indexes until all the 64 sequences are found. The logical root sequence order is cyclic: the logical index 0 is consecutive to 837.
3)Random access preamble sequence length
Table 5.7.2-1: Random access preamble sequence length.
Preamble format
0 – 3839
4139
4)Cyclic shiftsfor preamble generation
Table 5.7.2-2: Cyclic shifts for preamble generation (preamble formats 0-3).
configuration
value
Unrestricted setRestricted set
0015
11318
21522
31826
42232
52638
63246
73855
84668
95982
1076100
1193128
12119158
13167202
14279237
15419-
Table 5.7.2-3: Cyclic shifts for preamble generation (preamble format 4).
configuration
value
02
14
26
38
410
512
615
5)Root Zadoff-Chu sequence order for preamble formats 0 – 3.
Table 5.7.2-4: Root Zadoff-Chu sequence order for preamble formats 0 – 3.
Logical root sequence numberPhysical root sequence number
(in increasing order of the corresponding logical sequence number)
0–23129, 710, 140, 699, 120, 719, 210, 629, 168, 671, 84, 755, 105, 734, 93, 746, 70, 769, 60, 779
2, 837, 1, 838
24–2956, 783, 112, 727, 148, 691
30–3580, 759, 42, 797, 40, 799
36–4135, 804, 73, 766, 146, 693
42–5131, 808, 28, 811, 30, 809, 27, 812, 29, 810
52–6324, 815, 48, 791, 68, 771, 74, 765, 178, 661, 136, 703
64–7586, 753, 78, 761, 43, 796, 39, 800, 20, 819, 21, 818
76–8995, 744, 202, 637, 190, 649, 181, 658, 137, 702, 125, 714, 151, 688
90–115217, 622, 128, 711, 142, 697, 122, 717, 203, 636, 118, 721, 110, 729, 89, 750, 103, 736, 61, 778, 55, 784, 15, 824, 14, 825
116–13512, 827, 23, 816, 34, 805, 37, 802, 46, 793, 207, 632, 179, 660, 145, 694, 130, 709, 223, 616
136–167228, 611, 227, 612, 132, 707, 133, 706, 143, 696, 135, 704, 161, 678, 201, 638, 173, 666, 106, 733, 83, 756, 91, 748, 66, 773, 53, 786, 10, 829, 9, 830
168–2037, 832, 8, 831, 16, 823, 47, 792, 64, 775, 57, 782, 104, 735, 101, 738, 108, 731, 208, 631, 184, 655, 197, 642, 191, 648, 121, 718, 141, 698, 149, 690, 216, 623, 218, 621
204–263152, 687, 144, 695, 134, 705, 138, 701, 199, 640, 162, 677, 176, 663, 119, 720, 158, 681, 164, 675, 174, 665, 171, 668, 170, 669, 87, 752, 169, 670, 88, 751, 107, 732, 81, 758, 82, 757, 100, 739, 98, 741, 71, 768, 59, 780, 65, 774, 50, 789, 49, 790, 26, 813, 17, 822, 13, 826, 6, 833
264–3275, 834, 33, 806, 51, 788, 75, 764, 99, 740, 96, 743, 97, 742, 166, 673, 172, 667, 175, 664, 187, 652, 163, 676, 185, 654, 200, 639, 114, 725, 189, 650, 115, 724, 194, 645, 195, 644, 192, 647, 182, 657, 157, 682, 156, 683, 211, 628, 154, 685, 123, 716, 139, 700, 212, 627, 153, 686, 213, 626, 215, 624, 150, 689
328–383225, 614, 224, 615, 221, 618, 220, 619, 127, 712, 147, 692, 124, 715, 193, 646, 205, 634, 206, 633, 116, 723, 160, 679, 186, 653, 167, 672, 79, 760, 85, 754, 77, 762, 92, 747, 58, 781, 62, 777, 69, 770, 54, 785, 36, 803, 32, 807, 25, 814, 18, 821, 11, 828, 4, 835
384–4553, 836, 19, 820, 22, 817, 41, 798, 38, 801, 44, 795, 52, 787, 45, 794, 63, 776, 67, 772, 72
767, 76, 763, 94, 745, 102, 737, 90, 749, 109, 730, 165, 674, 111, 728, 209, 630, 204, 635, 117, 722, 188, 651, 159, 680, 198, 641, 113, 726, 183, 656, 180, 659, 177, 662, 196, 643, 155, 684, 214, 625, 126, 713, 131, 708, 219, 620, 222, 617, 226, 613
456–513230, 609, 232, 607, 262, 577, 252, 587, 418, 421, 416, 423, 413, 426, 411, 428, 376, 463, 395, 444, 283, 556, 285, 554, 379, 460, 390, 449, 363, 476, 384, 455, 388, 451, 386, 453, 361, 478, 387, 452, 360, 479, 310, 529, 354, 485, 328, 511, 315, 524, 337, 502, 349, 490, 335, 504, 324, 515
514–561323, 516, 320, 519, 334, 505, 359, 480, 295, 544, 385, 454, 292, 547, 291, 548, 381, 458, 399, 440, 380, 459, 397, 442, 369, 470, 377, 462, 410, 429, 407, 432, 281, 558, 414, 425, 247, 592, 277, 562, 271, 568, 272, 567, 264, 575, 259, 580
562–629237, 602, 239, 600, 244, 595, 243, 596, 275, 564, 278, 561, 250, 589, 246, 593, 417, 422, 248, 591, 394, 445, 393, 446, 370, 469, 365, 474, 300, 539, 299, 540, 364, 475, 362, 477, 298, 541, 312, 527, 313, 526, 314, 525, 353, 486, 352, 487, 343, 496, 327, 512, 350, 489, 326, 513, 319, 520, 332, 507, 333, 506, 348, 491, 347, 492, 322, 517
630–659330, 509, 338, 501, 341, 498, 340, 499, 342, 497, 301, 538, 366, 473, 401, 438, 371, 468, 408, 431, 375, 464, 249, 590, 269, 570, 238, 601, 234, 605
660–707257, 582, 273, 566, 255, 584, 254, 585, 245, 594, 251, 588, 412, 427, 372, 467, 282, 557, 403, 436, 396, 443, 392, 447, 391, 448, 382, 457, 389, 450, 294, 545, 297, 542, 311, 528, 344, 495, 345, 494, 318, 521, 331, 508, 325, 514, 321, 518
708–729346, 493, 339, 500, 351, 488, 306, 533, 289, 550, 400, 439, 378, 461, 374, 465, 415, 424, 270, 569, 241, 598
730–751231, 608, 260, 579, 268, 571, 276, 563, 409, 430, 398, 441, 290, 549, 304, 535, 308, 531, 358, 481, 316, 523
752–765293, 546, 288, 551, 284, 555, 368, 471, 253, 586, 256, 583, 263, 576
766–777242, 597, 274, 565, 402, 437, 383, 456, 357, 482, 329, 510
778–789317, 522, 307, 532, 286, 553, 287, 552, 266, 573, 261, 578
790–795236, 603, 303, 536, 356, 483
796–803355, 484, 405, 434, 404, 435, 406, 433
804–809235, 604, 267, 572, 302, 537
810–815309, 530, 265, 574, 233, 606
816–819367, 472, 296, 543
820–837336, 503, 305, 534, 373, 466, 280, 559, 279, 560, 419, 420, 240, 599, 258, 581, 229, 610
Table 5.7.2-5: Root Zadoff-Chu sequence order for preamble format 4.
Logical root sequence numberPhysical root sequence number
(in increasing order of the corresponding logical sequence number)
0 – 1911382137313641355134613371328131913010129
20 – 3911128121271312614125151241612317122181211912020119
40 – 5921118221172311624115251142611327112281112911030109
60 – 793110832107331063410535104361033710238101391004099
80 – 994198429743964495459446934792489149905089
100 – 1195188528753865485558456835782588159806079
120 – 137617862776376647565746673677268716970--
LTE 中PRACH信道的配置參數(shù)主要有五個,都是小區(qū)級參數(shù)分別是:
RACH配置索引(prach-ConfigurationIndex)
零相關(guān)配置(zeroCorrelationZoneConfig)
根序列索引(rootSequenceIndex)
是否為高速狀態(tài)(highSpeedFlag)
頻率偏移(prach-FrequencyOffset)
1.1.1零相關(guān)配置(zeroCorrelationZoneConfig)
1.1.1.1參數(shù)基本信息
參數(shù)編號取值范圍物理單位調(diào)整步長
0..15
默認(rèn)值:4無無
參數(shù)名稱傳送途徑作用范圍參數(shù)出處
zeroCorrelationZoneConfigeNodeB->UECell36.211
所屬網(wǎng)元及設(shè)置途徑
小區(qū)邏輯無線資源參數(shù)->物理隨機接入信道->零相關(guān)配置
不同場景下的差異化配置說明
無
2)功能描述
該參數(shù)指示PRACH前導(dǎo)序列生成使用的循環(huán)移位配置 的索引值,如下表3(36.211 Table 5.7.2-2:)、表4(Table 5.7.2-3),對于前導(dǎo)格式0-3,本參數(shù)的取值范圍為0-15,對于前導(dǎo)格式4,本參數(shù)的取值范圍為0-6, “unrestricted set”或“restricted set”參數(shù)“是否為高速狀態(tài)”由2.1.4節(jié)的“是否為高速狀態(tài)(highSpeedFlag)”指示。
表3for preamble generation (preamble formats 0-3).
zeroCorrelationZoneConfigvalue
Unrestricted setRestricted set
0015
11318
21522
31826
42232
52638
63246
73855
84668
95982
1076100
1193128
12119158
13167202
14279237
15419-
表4:for preamble generation (preamble format 4).
zeroCorrelationZoneConfigvalue
02
14
26
38
410
512
615
7N/A
8N/A
9N/A
10N/A
11N/A
12N/A
13N/A
14N/A
15N/A
1.1.1.2Ncs與小區(qū)半徑的關(guān)系
Ncs與小區(qū)半徑相關(guān),下面是Ncs和小區(qū)半徑的關(guān)系參見如下公式:
(公式1)
其中,對于前導(dǎo)格式0-3,,對于前導(dǎo)格式4,;
對于前導(dǎo)格式0-3,,對于前導(dǎo)格式4,;
為最大多徑時延擴展,是小區(qū)邊緣UE對抗多徑干擾的保護;
為光速。
原則上,Ncs越大,小區(qū)半徑越大,以下是根據(jù)公式1計算獲得的前導(dǎo)格式0-3 、前導(dǎo)格式4,Ncs數(shù)值及其對應(yīng)的最大小區(qū)半徑(假設(shè))關(guān)系表!
表5前導(dǎo)格式0~3 時Ncs值與支持的最大小區(qū)半徑
zeroCorrelationZoneConfigUnrestricted setRestricted set
小區(qū)
半徑 小區(qū)半徑
00119.1km15 1.4km
1131.0 km18 1.7 km
2151.3 km222.3 km
3181.7 km262.9 km
4222.3 km323.8 km
5262.8 km384.6 km
6323.7 km465.8 km
7384.5 km557.1 km
8465.7 km688.9 km
959 7.5 km8210.9 km
1076 10 km10013.5 km
119312.4 km12817.5 km
12119 16.1 km15821.8 km
13167 23 km20228.1 km
1427939 km23733.1 km
1541959 km--
前導(dǎo)格式4Ncs值與支持的最大小區(qū)半徑表2(考慮Tds = 5us)
表6前導(dǎo)格式4時Ncs值與支持的最大小區(qū)半徑
zeroCorrelationZoneConfig 小區(qū)半徑
02NA
14NA
2681m
38 369m
410657m
512945m
6151376m
注:最大擴展時延Tds暫時按照5us考慮, 若后期有更合理的值,則再更新文檔。
1.1.1.3低速情況下產(chǎn)生64個前導(dǎo)碼需要的根序列個數(shù)
(公式2)
其中,K表示根序列的個數(shù);
前導(dǎo)格式0-3,,對于前導(dǎo)格式4,;
64表示64個前導(dǎo)碼;
根據(jù)公式2,計算出低速(非限制集)情況下產(chǎn)生64個前導(dǎo)碼需要的根序列數(shù),如表6。
表6Ncs值和產(chǎn)生64個前導(dǎo)需要的根序列數(shù)
配置值
(非限制集)產(chǎn)生64個前導(dǎo)非限制集需要的根序列個數(shù)
0064
1131
2152
3182
4222
5262
6323
7383
8464
9595
10766
11938
1211910
1316713
1427922
1541932
表10 Format 4格式下的根序列
zeroCorrelationZoneConfig 產(chǎn)生64個前導(dǎo)非限制集需要的根序列個數(shù)
021
141
261
38 1
4101
5121
6152
1.1.1.4相鄰小區(qū)間零相關(guān)配置參數(shù)的配置原則
半徑相同的小區(qū)可以Ncs相同,即“零相關(guān)配置(zeroCorrelationZoneConfig)”參數(shù)配置相同。