百科解釋
Compact PCI(Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect)簡稱CPCI,中文又稱緊湊型PCI,是國際工業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)制造者聯(lián)合會(PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturer's Group,簡稱PICMG)于1994提出來的一種總線接口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。是以PCI電氣規(guī)范為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的高性能工業(yè)用總線。CPCI的CPU及外設(shè)同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PCI是相同的,并且CPCI系統(tǒng)使用與傳統(tǒng)PCI系統(tǒng)相同的芯片、防火墻和相關(guān)軟件。從根本上說,它們是一致的,因此操作系統(tǒng)、驅(qū)動和應(yīng)用程序都感覺不到兩者的區(qū)別,將一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PCI插卡轉(zhuǎn)化成CPCI插卡幾乎不需重新設(shè)計(jì),只要物理上重新分配一下即可。為了將PCI SIG的PCI總線規(guī)范用在工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng),1995年11月PCI工業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)制造者聯(lián)合會(PICMIG)頒布了CPCI規(guī)范1.0版,以后相繼推出了PCI-PCI Bridge規(guī)范、Computer Telephony TDM規(guī)范和User-defined I/O pin assignment規(guī)范。簡言之CPCI總線 = PCI總線的電氣規(guī)范 + 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)針孔連接器(IEC-1076-4-101) + 歐洲卡規(guī)范(IEC297/IEEE 1011.1)。
CPCI的出現(xiàn)不僅讓諸如CPU、硬盤等許多原先基于PC的技術(shù)和成熟產(chǎn)品能夠延續(xù)應(yīng)用,也由于在接口等地方做了重大改進(jìn),使得采用CPCI技術(shù)的服務(wù)器、工控電腦等擁有了高可靠性、高密度的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。CPCI是基于PCI電氣規(guī)范開發(fā)的高性能工業(yè)總線,適用于3U和6U高度的電路插板設(shè)計(jì)。CPCI電路插板從前方插入機(jī)柜,I/O數(shù)據(jù)的出口可以是前面板上的接口或者機(jī)柜的背板。它的出現(xiàn)解決了多年來電信系統(tǒng)工程師與設(shè)備制造商面臨的棘手問題,比如傳統(tǒng)電信設(shè)備總線VME(Versa Module Euro card)與工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)總線不兼容問題。
二、CPCI的特點(diǎn)
CPCI技術(shù)是在PCI技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)之上經(jīng)過改造而成,具體有三個方面:
一是繼續(xù)采用PCI局部總線技術(shù);
二是拋棄IPC傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu),改用經(jīng)過20年實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn)了的高可靠歐洲卡結(jié)構(gòu),改善了散熱條件、提高了抗振動沖擊能力、符合電磁兼容性要求;
三是拋棄IPC的金手指式互連方式,改用2mm密度的針孔連接器,具有氣密性、防腐性,進(jìn)一步提高了可靠性,并增加了負(fù)載能力。
CPCI所具有可熱插拔(Hot Swap)、高開放性、高可靠性、。CPCI技術(shù)中最突出、最具吸引力的特點(diǎn)是熱插拔(Hot Swap)。簡言之,就是在運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)沒有斷電的條件下,拔出或插入功能模板,而不破壞系統(tǒng)的正常工作的一種技術(shù)。熱插拔一直是電信應(yīng)用的要求,也為每一個工業(yè)自動化系統(tǒng)所渴求。它的實(shí)現(xiàn)是:在結(jié)構(gòu)上采用三種不同長度的引腳插針,使得模板插入或拔出時,電源和接地、PCI總線信號、熱插拔啟動信號按序進(jìn)行;采用總線隔離裝置和電源的軟啟動;在軟件上,操作系統(tǒng)要具有即插即用功能。目前CPCI總線熱插拔技術(shù)正在從基本熱切換技術(shù)向高可用性方向發(fā)展。
CPCI標(biāo)準(zhǔn)具有種種優(yōu)點(diǎn)。它與傳統(tǒng)的桌面PCI系統(tǒng)完全兼容,在64位/66M總線接口下能提供每秒高達(dá)512MB的帶寬。它支持用在桌面PC和工作站上的完全一樣的接口芯片。使用CPCI能利用在桌面工作站上開發(fā)的整個應(yīng)用,無需任何改變就能將其移到目標(biāo)環(huán)境,極大地提高了產(chǎn)品推向市場的時間。利用CPCI技術(shù)使得電信設(shè)備OEM能利用與桌面應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)同樣的先進(jìn)技術(shù),同時還具有針對桌面系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的大量PCI芯片所帶來的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)和低成本特性。其產(chǎn)品成本上往往低于同等功能的VME產(chǎn)品,僅略高于通常的工控機(jī)IPC(IPC,Industrial Personal Computer)產(chǎn)品。
CPCI規(guī)范自制定以來,已歷經(jīng)多個版本。最新的PICMG 3.0所規(guī)范的CPCI技術(shù)架構(gòu)在一個更加開放、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的平臺上,有利于各類系統(tǒng)集成商、設(shè)備供應(yīng)商提供更加便捷快速的增值服務(wù),為用戶提供更高性價(jià)比的產(chǎn)品和解決方案。PICMG 3.0標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是一個全新的技術(shù),與PICMG 2.x完全不同,特別在速度上與PICMG 2.x相比,PICMG 3.0速度每秒可達(dá)2Tb。PICMG 3.0主要將應(yīng)用在高帶寬電信傳輸上,以適應(yīng)未來電信的發(fā)展,PICMG 2.x則仍是目前CPCI的主流,并將在很長時間內(nèi)主宰CPCI的應(yīng)用。
三、CPCI的應(yīng)用
CPCI所具有高開放性、高可靠性、可熱插拔(Hot Swap),使該技術(shù)除了可以廣泛應(yīng)用在通訊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、計(jì)算機(jī)電話整和(Computer Telephony),也適合實(shí)時系統(tǒng)控制(Real Time Machine Control)、產(chǎn)業(yè)自動化、實(shí)時數(shù)據(jù)采集(Real-Time Data Acquisition)、軍事系統(tǒng)等需要高速運(yùn)算、智能交通、航空航天、醫(yī)療器械、水利等模塊化及高可靠度、可長期使用的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。由于CPCI擁有較高的帶寬,它也適用于一些高速數(shù)據(jù)通信的應(yīng)用,包括服務(wù)器、路由器、交換機(jī)等。
管腳定義
Pin Name Des cription
Z1 GND Ground
Z2 GND Ground
Z3 GND Ground
Z4 GND Ground
Z5 GND Ground
Z6 GND Ground
Z7 GND Ground
Z8 GND Ground
Z9 GND Ground
Z10 GND Ground
Z11 GND Ground
Z12 KEY Keyed (no pin)
Z13 KEY Keyed (no pin)
Z14 KEY Keyed (no pin)
Z15 GND Ground
Z16 GND Ground
Z17 GND Ground
Z18 GND Ground
Z19 GND Ground
Z20 GND Ground
Z21 GND Ground
Z22 GND Ground
Z23 GND Ground
Z24 GND Ground
Z25 GND Ground
Z26 GND Ground
Z27 GND Ground
Z28 GND Ground
Z29 GND Ground
Z30 GND Ground
Z31 GND Ground
Z32 GND Ground
Z33 GND Ground
Z34 GND Ground
Z35 GND Ground
Z36 GND Ground
Z37 GND Ground
Z38 GND Ground
Z39 GND Ground
Z40 GND Ground
Z41 GND Ground
Z42 GND Ground
Z43 GND Ground
Z44 GND Ground
Z45 GND Ground
Z46 GND Ground
Z47 GND Ground
A1 5V +5 VDC
A2 TCK Test Clock
A3 INTA# Interrupt A
A4 BRSV Bused Reserved (don't use)
A5 BRSV Bused Reserved (don't use)
A6 REQ# Request PCI transfer
A7 AD(30) Address/Data 30
A8 AD(26) Address/Data 26
A9 C/BE(3)# Command: Byte Enable
A10 AD(21) Address/Data 21
A11 AD(18) Address/Data 18
A12 KEY Keyed (no pin)
A13 KEY Keyed (no pin)
A14 KEY Keyed (no pin)
A15 3.3V +3.3 VDC
A16 DEVSEL# Device Select
A17 3.3V +3.3 VDC
A18 SERR# System Error
A19 3.3V +3.3 VDC
A20 AD(12) Address/Data 12
A21 3.3V +3.3 VDC
A22 AD(7) Address/Data 7)
A23 3.3V +3.3 VDC
A24 AD(1) Address/Data 1)
A25 5V +5 VDC
A26 CLK1 Clock ?? MHz
A27 CLK2 Clock ?? MHz
A28 CLK4 Clock ?? MHz
A29 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
A30 C/BE(5)# Command: Byte Enable
A31 AD(63) Address/Data 63
A32 AD(59) Address/Data 59
A33 AD(56) Address/Data 56
A34 AD(52) Address/Data 52
A35 AD(49) Address/Data 49
A36 AD(45) Address/Data 45
A37 AD(42) Address/Data 42
A38 AD(38) Address/Data 38
A39 AD(35) Address/Data 35
A40 BRSV Bused Reserved (don't use)
A41 BRSV Bused Reserved (don't use)
A42 BRSV Bused Reserved (don't use)
A43 USR User Defined
A44 USR User Defined
A45 USR User Defined
A46 USR User Defined
A47 USR User Defined
B1 -12V -12 VDC
B2 5V +5 VDC
B3 INTB# Interrupt B
B4 GND Ground
B5 BRSV Bused Reserved (don't use)
B6 GND Ground
B7 AD(29) Address/Data 29
B8 GND Ground
B9 IDSEL Initialization Device Select
B10 GND Ground
B11 AD(17) Address/Data 17
B12 KEY Keyed (no pin)
B13 KEY Keyed (no pin)
B14 KEY Keyed (no pin)
B15 FRAME# Address or Data phase
B16 GND Ground
B17 SDONE Snoop Done
B18 GND Ground
B19 AD(15) Address/Data 15
B20 GND Ground
B21 AD(9) Address/Data 9)
B22 GND Ground
B23 AD(4) Address/Data 4)
B24 5V +5 VDC
B25 REQ64#
B26 GND Ground
B27 CLK3 Clock ?? MHz
B28 GND Ground
B29 BRSV Bused Reserved (don't use)
B30 GND Ground
B31 AD(62) Address/Data 62
B32 GND Ground
B33 AD(55) Address/Data 55
B34 GND Ground
B35 AD(48) Address/Data 48
B36 GND Ground
B37 AD(41) Address/Data 41
B38 GND Ground
B39 AD(34) Address/Data 34
B40 GND Ground
B41 BRSV Bused Reserved (don't use)
B42 GND Ground
B43 USR User Defined
B44 USR User Defined
B45 USR User Defined
B46 USR User Defined
B47 USR User Defined
C1 TRST# Test Logic Reset
C2 TMS Test Mode Select
C3 INTC# Interrupt C
C4 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
C5 RST Reset
C6 3.3V +3.3 VDC
C7 AD(28) Address/Data 28
C8 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
C9 AD(23) Address/Data 23
C10 3.3V +3.3 VDC
C11 AD(16) Address/Data 16
C12 KEY Keyed (no pin)
C13 KEY Keyed (no pin)
C14 KEY Keyed (no pin)
C15 IRDY# Initiator Ready
C16 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
C17 SBO# Snoop Backoff
C18 3.3V +3.3 VDC
C19 AD(14) Address/Data 14
C20 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
C21 AD(8) Address/Data 8)
C22 3.3V +3.3 VDC
C23 AD(3) Address/Data 3)
C24 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
C25 BRSV Bused Reserved (don't use)
C26 REQ1# Request PCI transfer
C27 SYSEN#
C28 GNT3# Grant
C29 C/BE(7) Command: Byte Enable
C30 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
C31 AD(61) Address/Data 61
C32 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
C33 AD(54) Address/Data 54
C34 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
C35 AD(47) Address/Data 47
C36 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
C37 AD(40) Address/Data 40
C38 V(I/O) +3.3 VDC or +5 VDC
C39 AD(33) Address/Data 33
C40 FAL# Power Supply Status FAL (CompactPCI specific)
C41 DEG# Power Supply Status DEG (CompactPCI specific)
C42 PRST# Push Button Reset (CompactPCI specific)
C43 USR User Defined
C44 USR User Defined
C45 USR User Defined
C46 USR User Defined
C47 USR User Defined
D1 +12V +12 VDC
D2 TDO Test Data Output
D3 5V +5 VDC
D4 INTP
D5 GND Ground
D6 CLK
D7 GND Ground
D8 AD(25) Address/Data 25
D9 GND Ground
D10 AD(20) Address/Data 20
D11 GND Ground
D12 KEY Keyed (no pin)
D13 KEY Keyed (no pin)
D14 KEY Keyed (no pin)
D15 GND Ground
D16 STOP# Stop transfer cycle
D17 GND Ground
D18 PAR Parity for AD0-31 & C/BE0-3
D19 GND Ground
D20 AD(11) Address/Data 11
D21 M66EN
D22 AD(6) Address/Data 6)
D23 5V +5 VDC
D24 AD(0) Address/Data 0)
D25 3.3V +3.3 VDC
D26 GNT1# Grant
D27 GNT2# Grant
D28 REQ4# Request PCI transfer
D29 GND Ground
D30 C/BE(4)# Command: Byte Enable
D31 GND Ground
D32 AD(58) Address/Data 58
D33 GND Ground
D34 AD(51) Address/Data 51
D35 GND Ground
D36 AD(44) Address/Data 44
D37 GND Ground
D38 AD(37) Address/Data 37
D39 GND Ground
D40 REQ5# Request PCI transfer
D41 GND Ground
D42 REQ6# Request PCI transfer
D43 USR User Defined
D44 USR User Defined
D45 USR User Defined
D46 USR User Defined
D47 USR User Defined
E1 5V +5 VDC
E2 TDI Test Data Input
E3 INTD# Interrupt D
E4 INTS
E5 GNT# Grant
E6 AD(31) Address/Data 31
E7 AD(27) Address/Data 27
E8 AD(24) Address/Data 24
E9 AD(22) Address/Data 22
E10 AD(19) Address/Data 19
E11 C/BE(2)# Command: Byte Enable
E12 KEY Keyed (no pin)
E13 KEY Keyed (no pin)
E14 KEY Keyed (no pin)
E15 TRDY# Target Ready
E16 LOCK# Lock resource
E17 PERR# Parity Error
E18 C/BE(1)# Command: Byte Enable
E19 AD(13) Address/Data 13
E20 AD(10) Address/Data 10
E21 C/BE(0)# Command: Byte Enable
E22 AD(5) Address/Data 5)
E23 AD(2) Address/Data 2)
E24 ACK64#
E25 5V +5 VDC
E26 REQ2# Request PCI transfer
E27 REQ3# Request PCI transfer
E28 GNT4# Grant
E29 C/BE(6)# Command: Byte Enable
E30 PAR64
E31 AD(60) Address/Data 60
E32 AD(57) Address/Data 57
E33 AD(53) Address/Data 53
E34 AD(50) Address/Data 50
E35 AD(46) Address/Data 46
E36 AD(43) Address/Data 43
E37 AD(39) Address/Data 39
E38 AD(36) Address/Data 36
E39 AD(32) Address/Data 32
E40 GNT5# Grant
E41 BRSV Bused Reserved (don't use)
E42 GNT6# Grant
E43 USR User Defined
E44 USR User Defined
E45 USR User Defined
E46 USR User Defined
E47 USR User Defined
F1 GND Ground
F2 GND Ground
F3 GND Ground
F4 GND Ground
F5 GND Ground
F6 GND Ground
F7 GND Ground
F8 GND Ground
F9 GND Ground
F10 GND Ground
F11 GND Ground
F12 KEY Keyed (no pin)
F13 KEY Keyed (no pin)
F14 KEY Keyed (no pin)
F15 GND Ground
F16 GND Ground
F17 GND Ground
F18 GND Ground
F19 GND Ground
F20 GND Ground
F21 GND Ground
F22 GND Ground
F23 GND Ground
F24 GND Ground
F25 GND Ground
F26 GND Ground
F27 GND Ground
F28 GND Ground
F29 GND Ground
F30 GND Ground
F31 GND Ground
F32 GND Ground
F33 GND Ground
F34 GND Ground
F35 GND Ground
F36 GND Ground
F37 GND Ground
F38 GND Ground
F39 GND Ground
F40 GND Ground
F41 GND Ground
F42 GND Ground
F43 GND Ground
F44 GND Ground
F45 GND Ground
F46 GND Ground
F47 GND Ground